ग्रहर्क्षदेवदैत्यादिसृजतोस्य चराचरम् ।
कृताद्रिवेदा दिव्याब्दाः शतघ्ना वेधसो गताः ॥१.२४॥
graharkṣa-deva-daityādi-sṛjato'sya carācaram |
kṛtādrivedā divyābdāḥ śataghnā vedhaso gatāḥ || 1.24 || Sūrya Siddhānta
While He (Brahma) was creating the planets, stars, gods, demons, and all animate and inanimate beings, forty-seven thousand four hundreds (47,400) divine years elapsed before the true motions of the planets began.
Solar Years spent (in this Kalpa) in the creation of the current universe
= 47,400 X 360
= 17,064,000 Solar Years
Mathematical Meaning of this Verse
Just like your previous calculations, this verse uses a poetic word-number (Bhūta-saṅkhyā) to encode the exact number of Divine Years Brahma spent in the preliminary creation phase:
Kṛta (कृत): represents 4 (signifying the 4 Yugas or 4 faces of Brahma)
Adri (अद्रि): represents 7 (signifying the 7 primary mountains or ranges)
Veda (वेद): represents 4 (signifying the 4 Vedas)
Following the rule of reversal (Aṅkānām Vāmato Gati), reading 4, 7, 4 from right to left gives 474.
Note on Chronological Computation: Having established the total number of cosmic solar years (Saura Varṣa) fully elapsed from the dawn of creation up to our baseline epoch of 1979 Vikram Samvat (1922 CE), the computational sequence now shifts from macro-cosmic eras to localized civil time.
In accordance with the Ahargana (civil day-count) algorithm defined in the Surya Siddhanta (1.48–52), the next phase of the calculation requires converting the remaining interval—stretching from the commencement of 1979 Vikram Samvat down to the current target date—into precise lunar months, accounting for intercalary additions (Adhikamāsa) and omitted lunar days (Kṣaya Tithis), to derive the final net elapsed civil days.
NOTE: Below three slokas will be used to compute total lunar months in a Mahayuga
युगे सूर्यज्ञशुक्राणां खचतुष्करदार्णवाः ।
कुजार्किगुरुशीघ्राणां भगणाः पूर्वयायिनाम् ॥ २९ ॥
yuge sūrya-jña-śukrāṇāṃ kha-catuṣka-rada-arṇavāḥ |
kuja-arki-guru-śīghrāṇāṃ bhagaṇāḥ pūrva-yāyinām || 29 || Sūrya Siddhānta
In a Yuga (Mahayuga), the orbital revolutions of the Sun, and of the conjunction-points (Śīghra) of Mercury and Venus, moving eastward, are 4,320,000
इन्दो रसाग्नित्र्युत्थेषुसप्तभूधरमार्गणाः ।
दस्त्रत्र्यष्टरसाङ्काक्षिलोचनानि कुजस्य तु ॥ ३० ॥
indo rasāgni-tryuttheṣu-sapta-bhūdhara-mārgaṇāḥ |
dasra-tryaṣṭa-rasāṅkākṣi-locanāni kujasya tu || 30 || Sūrya Siddhānta
The revolutions of the Moon (Indu) are 57,753,336; and those of Mars (Kuja) are 2,296,832
भवन्ति शशिनो मासाः सूर्येंन्दुभगणान्तरम् ।
रविमासोनितास्ते तु शेषाः स्युरधिमासकाः ॥३५॥
bhavanti śaśino māsāḥ sūryendu-bhagaṇāntaram |
ravi-māsonitās-te tu śeṣāḥ syur-adhimāsakāḥ || 35 || Sūrya Siddhānta
The lunar months (Śaśino Māsa) are equal to the difference between the number of revolutions of the Moon and of the Sun. The remainder, when the number of solar months (Ravi Māsa) is subtracted from that total number of lunar months, is the number of intercalary months (Adhimāsakāḥ)."
So based on above 3 slokas,
Total lunar months in a Mahayuga
= Revolutions of Moon in Mahayuga – Revolutions of Sun in Mahayuga
= 57,753,336 – 4,320,000
= 53,433,336
NOTE: Solar tracking and lunar tracking are fundamentally different cycles, Surya Siddhanta (and the broader mathematical framework used by scholars like Dr. B. V. Raman) force US to calculate Total Solar Months first, and then use that number as the baseline to find the Lunar Months. It is due to algorithmic efficiency. It is a mathematical shortcut based on the fact that we cannot easily count "lunar months passed" directly from a calendar date, because lunar months do not align cleanly with solar years.
Instead, the system anchors itself to the highly predictable solar calendar and mathematically "converts" it using cosmic proportions. Here is exactly how that logic works:
Total Solar Months = (Solar Years X 12) + Solar Months of current year
Also from this sloka
Intercalary months (Adhikamasa) = Lunar Months – Solar Months
If we rewrite this equation algebraically to solve for Lunar Months, it becomes:
Total Lunar Months = Total Solar Months + Total Intercalary Months
This formula proves that if you can figure out how many extra leap-months (Adhikamasas) accumulated during those solar months, you automatically find the true number of lunar months.
This formula will be used later in our calculations to calculate Total Lunar Months.
NOTE: Below slokas will be used to compute total Lunar and Solar days passed since the beginning.
वसुद्व्यष्टाद्रिरूपाङ् कसप्ताद्रितिथयो युगे ।
चान्द्राः खाष्टखखव्योमखाग्निखर्तुंनिशाकराः ॥३७॥
vasudvyaṣṭādrirūpāṅ kasaptādritithayo yuge |
cāndrāḥ khāṣṭakhakhavyomakhāgnikhartuṃniśākarāḥ || 1.37 || Sūrya Siddhānta
The number of lunar days in a Mahayuga are 1,577,917,828. The number of tithi in a Mahayuga are 1,603,000,080.
षड्वह्नित्रिहुताशाङ्कतिथयश्चाधिमासकाः ।
तिथिक्षया यमार्णशिवद्व्यष्टव्योमशराश्विनः ॥३८॥
ṣaḍ-vahni-tri-hutāśāṅka-tithayaś-cādhimāsakāḥ |
tithi-kṣayā yamārṇa-śiva-dvy-aṣṭa-vyoma-śarāśvinaḥ || 1.38 || Sūrya Siddhānta
The number of intercalary months (Adhimasaka) in a Mahayuga is 1,593,336. The number of omitted lunar days (Kshaya Tithi) in a Mahayuga is 25,082,252.
खचतुष्कसमुद्राष्टकुपञ्च रविमासकाः ।
भवन्ति भूदया भानुभगणैरुनिताः कुहाः ॥३६॥
kha-catuṣka-samudrāṣṭa-ku-pañca ravi-māsakāḥ |
bhavanti bhūdayā bhānu-bhagaṇair-unitāḥ kuhāḥ || 1.39 || Sūrya Siddhānta
The number of solar months (Ravi Masa) in a Mahayuga is 51,840,000. The total number of terrestrial civil days (Kuha / Kudina) is equal to the number of terrestrial risings of the stars (Bhudaya / sidereal revolutions of the Earth) diminished by the number of revolutions of the Sun.
अत ऊर्ध्वममी युक्ता गतकालाब्दसङ्ख्यया ।
मासीकृता युता मासैर्मधु शुक्लादिभिर्गतैः ॥१.४८॥
ata ūrdhvam-amī yukttā gata-kālābda-saṅkhyayā |
māsīkṛtā yutā māsair-madhu śuklādibhir-gataiḥ || 1.48 || Sūrya Siddhānta
To the sum of years elapsed since the end of the creation phase, add the number of elapsed years of the current era. Multiply this total number of years by 12 to convert them into months, and then add the number of elapsed lunar months of the current year, beginning with the bright half of the month of Madhu (Chaitra).
पृथक्स्थास्तेऽधिमासघ्नाः सूर्यमासविभाजिताः ।
लब्धाधिमासकैर्युक्ता दिनीकृत्य दिनान्विताः ॥१.४९॥
pṛthak-sthās-te'dhimāsa-ghnāḥ sūryamāsa-vibhājitāḥ |
labdhādhimāsakair-yuktā dinīkṛtya dinānvitāḥ || 1.49 || Sūrya Siddhānta
Keep this sum of months in a separate place. Multiply it by the total number of intercalary months (Adhikamasa) in a Kalpa, and divide the product by the total number of solar months in a Kalpa. Add the resulting number of intercalary months to the original sum of months. Convert this combined sum of months into days (by multiplying by 30), and add the number of elapsed lunar days (Tithis) of the current month.
द्विष्ठास्तिथिक्षयाभ्यस्ताश्चान्द्रवासरभाजिताः ।
लब्धोनरात्रिरहिता लङ्कायामर्धरात्रिकः ॥१.५०॥
dviṣṭhās-tithi-kṣayābhyastāś-cāndravāsara-bhājitāḥ |
labdhona-rātri-rahitā laṅkāyām-ardharātrikaḥ || 1.50 || Sūrya Siddhānta
Write down this total number of lunar days in two separate places. Multiply one of them by the total number of omitted days (Kshaya Tithis) in a Kalpa, and divide the product by the total number of lunar days in a Kalpa. Subtract the resulting number of omitted days (Unaratra) from the second value of lunar days. The final result is the total number of elapsed civil days (Ahargana) at midnight on the meridian of Lanka.
Example:
Dr. B.V.Raman used a date of 2nd May, 1827 having sṛṣṭyādi ahargaṇa of 714,404,096,641 days i.e. it includes the date of 2nd May, 1827. This was Vaishakha month with tithi as S6.
Below table shows the detailed calculations that we are done to get this number.
In the table below, Note that the two highlighted rows #8 and #15. In these two formulas we are doing the calculations with billions and ignoring the decimals part to get the perfect number.
Hence for step #8 we are getting 721,384,691 rather than 721,384,691.5832890
Similarly for step #15 we are getting 11,356,018,205 rather than 11,356,018,205.8161
As the table below shows, the final number that Dr. B.V. Raman provided matches, 714,404,096,641.
NOTE: One more table is given below taking decimals into consideration. That results the TOTAL AHARGAN for 2nd May 1827 (including 2nd May 1827) as 714,404,096,657.682
